Chiropractic techniques are not limited to any particular group. Doctors of chiropractic see patients of all ages, sizes, genders, ethnicities, and so on. So, is the care of children “different” than chiropractic care applied to adults? If so, how?
There are studies that have reviewed the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions (like low back pain), non-MSK conditions such as asthma, and chiropractic care of infants, adolescents, and teenagers for a variety of conditions. The management techniques utilized by chiropractors for children vary across the profession, but typically, they are modified methods of those applied to adult patients. When one thinks of “chiropractic care,” the immediate image is that of spinal manipulation where a high velocity, low amplitude “thrust” is made and joint cavitation occurs (the release of gas creating a cracking sound similar to knuckle cracking). Chiropractic treatment can also include dietary advice, nutritional or herbal supplement recommendations, posture correction, exercise training, and the use of physiological therapeutic modalities (like electric stim, light, ice, heat, traction, ultrasound, and more). Behavioral counseling may be included, depending on the patient's condition and the individual training the chiropractor has focused on, especially on a post-graduate level. Chiropractors, like many healthcare providers, have post-graduate board certification options, of which pediatrics is one of many. Looking at research for children and chiropractic, here is what the current literature base supports:
1. Pediatric care: There is evidence
that chiropractic methods, when properly modified and applied, are
safe. However, more research is needed to determine what the current
practice model should be for this patient group.
2. Children & adolescents:
There is currently research support for treatment of this patient
population for some MSK conditions, particularly low back pain. Again,
additional, high-quality studies are needed to further support this
category.
3. Non-musculoskeletal care (children & adolescents):
A call for more research is a common recurring theme for the management
of non-MSK conditions among children and teens. There are several case
studies (and small-scale studies, in some instances) for conditions such
as colic, otitis media, asthma, nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting), and
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but all require additional
high-quality studies before firm conclusions can be made. However, it
has been recommended that a chiropractor may play a role on the
pediatric healthcare team and it's been suggested that it is appropriate
to utilize a four to six treatment “trial” to determine effectiveness
of care for a colicky infant where all other serious diagnoses have been
excluded. Similarly, in cases of enuresis and asthma, chiropractic may
have a role on the management team.
4. ADHD in children and adolescents:
One focused systematic review reported the need for more high-quality
research in this area before conclusions can be made either for or
against the utilization of chiropractic care for ADHD.
5. Possible adverse effects:
In review of (again) limited studies in this area, chiropractic care
appears to have little negative issues associated with it. Serious side
effects are reported as “rare.”
Bottom line: Though more research is needed, in the absence of underlying pathology, chiropractic care may be considered as part of the pediatric management team for a four to six visit trial to determine treatment effectiveness.
